This report is a delivery of the project Industrial CCS cluster at Øra and regionally, supported by CLIMIT.
The emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from human activities is one of the most important environmental issues of the twenty first century. The largest source of GHG is carbon dioxide, which has increased tremendously in the last decades, mainly due to fossil fuels combustion for power generation and automotive transportation. CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and subsequently storing the carbon dioxide (CO2) permanently. CCU (carbon capture and utilization) represents a way of recycling the carbon in the captured CO2 by converting it to fuels or other products. The acronym CCUS describes systems including both utilization and storage of captured CO2.
This study has analysed systems for CCS (carbon capture and storage) and CCU (carbon capture and utilization) and compared these with their respective reference scenarios. The study has been carried out using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology according to the ISO-standards 14044/48 and guidelines provided for CCU value chains. The LCAs have been performed for two industrial cases: Norske Skog Saugbrugs, a paper production plant, and Sarpsborg Avfallsenergi (SAE), a waste to energy (WtE) plant
